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HAREM, AND THE OTTOMAN WOMEN

Sultanas

In 1346, the marriage between Sultan Orhan and the Byzantine princess Theodora was celebrated with incredible pomp and ceremony on the Euro- pean shores of Constantinople, which did not yet belong to the Ottomans. ürhan, camped on the Asian shore, sent a fieet of thirty vessels and an escort of cavalry to retrieve his purple bride. '' At a signal, Edward Gibbon wrote in The Dedine and Fall oj the Roman Empire, ''the curtains were suddenly drawn, to disclose the bride, or the victim, encircled by kneeling eunuchs and hymeneal torches; the sound of fiutes and trumpets proclaimed the joyful event; and her pretended happiness was the theme of the nuptial song, which was chanted by such poets as the age could produce. Without the rites of the church, Theodora was delivered to her barbarous lord; but it had been stipulated that she could preserve her religion in the harem of Bursa.

In the early years of the Ottoman Empire, the sultans married daugh- ters of Byzantine Emperors, Anatolian princes, and Balkan Kings. These marriages were strictly diplomatic arrangements. After the conquest of Con- stantinople, the royal harem became populated with non- Turkish oda- lisques. This tradition continued until the fall of the empire. Since these slave girls were his property , in accordance with Islamic law , the suıtan was not required to marry any of them. But, once in a while, a sultan-such as Süleyman the Magnificent-chose to marry a special woman.

In contrast to the odalisques, a sultan's concubines were considered his wives, kadinlar or kadinefnediler , the number varying from four to eight. The first wife was called bash kadin (head woman), followed by ikinci kadin (sec- ond), uchuncu (third), and on down. If any one of the kadins died, the others below her moved up a rank, but not before the chief black eunuch delivered the sultan's approval for such a promotion.

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